Africa's Security: A New Plan for Self-Reliance

The United States is changing its approach to security in Africa. Instead of focusing on governance and root causes of conflicts, the emphasis is now on helping African nations stand on their own. This shift was evident during African Lion, the largest joint training exercise on the continent. General Michael Langley, the top U. S. military official in Africa, stressed the need for allies to achieve independent operations. For four weeks, troops from over 40 countries practiced handling threats on land, sea, and air. They flew drones, simulated combat, and launched guided rockets. These maneuvers were similar to previous years, but the messaging had changed. The U. S. is now prioritizing homeland protection and wants other countries to contribute to global stability. This change comes as the U. S. aims to build a more efficient military force. There are talks of reducing military leadership positions in Africa, where rivals like Russia and China are increasing their influence. China has launched its own training programs for African militaries, while Russian mercenaries are becoming key security partners in several regions. The U. S. military's new stance comes at a time when many African armies are still struggling. Insurgent groups are expanding, and Africa is seen as a hotspot for al-Qaida and Islamic State affiliates. The U. S. has spent hundreds of millions on security assistance and has personnel on the continent, but the situation remains challenging. The shift in messaging from a "whole of government approach" to burden-sharing comes as violence in Africa grows. Parts of East and West Africa have become centers of violence. In 2024, more than half of the world’s terrorism victims were killed in West Africa’s Sahel. Somalia also saw a significant number of terrorism-related deaths. The U. S. has increased airstrikes in Somalia, targeting IS and al-Shabab. However, Somalia’s army still struggles to maintain security on the ground. Similarly, in West Africa, the idea of states gaining the capacity to counter threats is still far off. Local militaries often lack the tools and support needed to confront active threats.