Age, Education, and Rural Living Shaped COVID Vaccination

Vaccination patterns in Siedlce looked less like a lifestyle story and more like a story about age, school, work, and where people lived. A cross-sectional survey collected answers from 458 adult primary care patients at a clinic in Siedlce, Eastern Poland. The fieldwork ran from November 2, 2022, to January 3, 2023. It included healthy adults and people managing chronic conditions.

Full COVID-19 vaccination was more common among older adults, people with more education, and retirees. In the adjusted analysis, age stayed a strong predictor. People with higher education also had better odds of being fully vaccinated than those whose education was primary or lower secondary. Rural residents had higher odds in the adjusted model. That result was notable because the link was only borderline when the raw comparisons were checked.

Researchers used the Lifestyle Screening Questionnaire, LSQ-Cavendish Diagnostic Questionnaire, to look at lifestyle. Some lifestyle areas looked different between vaccinated and not fully vaccinated groups in simple comparisons. However, the broader pattern did not show a steady, independent lifestyle signal. The main takeaway is that the data do not support one lifestyle profile as the clear reason for vaccination.

Rural residents being more likely to be fully vaccinated may not fit what other international reports have shown. The study suggests the local health care setting could matter. Access, trust, and ways patients are engaged may look different across regions and primary care clinics. That means public health plans should ask how local conditions shape choices, rather than treating every community as if it works the same way.