Barley's Secret Weapon: How It Survives Waterlogging During Germination

Barley, a key crop for animal feed, beer, and food, faces a big challenge: waterlogging. This stress can really slow down seed germination and hurt seedling growth. Scientists wanted to figure out how barley handles this. They studied two types of barley seeds under water stress: one tough (LLZDM) and one sensitive (NN). The tough seeds had more antioxidants and less of a harmful substance called malondialdehyde (MDA). Waterlogging triggered changes in 86 metabolites in the tough seeds and 85 in the sensitive ones.They also found changes in 1776 and 839 genes in tough and sensitive seeds, respectively. These genes are involved in things like redox reactions and hormone regulation. By combining these findings, they discovered that waterlogging affects how barley makes and uses pyruvate and flavonoids. Flavonoids, plant chemicals, were boosted by waterlogging through 15 genes and 10 metabolites. So, barley has a clever way to cope with waterlogging during germination.