Creating Eco-Friendly Bone Tissues with Bacteria, Graphene, and Minerals

Bone tissue engineering faces challenges that require advanced materials. One strategy is to create composite scaffolds. These scaffolds need to support bone repair and have enough strength. Researchers tried making a scaffold from bacteria, mineral, and graphene. Each part is sourced from waste, like food and farming leftovers. Bacterial cellulose is ideal due to its friendliness to living things, fine fibers, and high porosity. A bone mineral called hydroxyapatite helps bone growth, while tiny graphene flakes add strength. Scientists analyzed the materials under a microscope, X-ray, and infrared tools. The scaffolds were tested for heat resistance, strength, and if they are friendly to cells. The results showed a fine, porous network of bacteria fibers, bone-like particles, and graphene. The combination had better strength and helped bone growth. The materials were inexpensive and had a smooth surface to help cells stick. This can be useful for repairing and growing new bone tissue.