Deer DNA: The Secret Weapon Against Illegal Hunting

In Japan, sika deer pose a significant threat to crops. To manage their population, hunters are paid to cull them. However, not all hunters follow the rules. Some leave the deer carcasses behind, which is illegal. This is where DNA analysis comes into play. It helps match abandoned deer with the tails hunters submit to authorities. This process is not straightforward. It requires careful selection of genetic markers. These markers must be suitable for the specific animal and the analysis method. Researchers explored the use of Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis for identifying sika deer. They aimed to create a STR database for these deer in Japan. The goal was to assess the effectiveness of STR markers for individual identification. They used a kit designed for a related species, cattle, and specific STR markers for sika deer. The findings were promising. Six STR loci from the cattle kit and two from the sika deer markers showed polymorphism. This means they could vary enough to distinguish between individual deer. The study focused on three STR loci: CSSM019, TGLA53, and ETH10. The coincidence rate for these loci was extremely low. This is a good thing. It means these markers can reliably identify individual deer. This was a first for Japan. The research opened doors for using STR analysis in wildlife forensics and crime scene investigations involving sika deer. However, it's important to note that while STR analysis is powerful, it's just one tool among many. It should be used alongside other evidence and investigations. Plus, the success of this method depends on having a comprehensive STR database. This requires ongoing effort and resources. Also, the use of STR analysis in wildlife forensics raises ethical questions. For instance, how should the data be used? Who has access to it? These are complex issues that need careful consideration.