EV's Chilly Challenge: What Owners Should Know

Electric vehicles (EVs) have become popular for their eco-friendliness and efficiency. However, when winter hits, they face a unique challenge: cold weather can significantly reduce their driving range. This issue gained attention in January 2024 when some Tesla owners in Chicago found their EVs' batteries drained in subzero temperatures. Many EV owners have shared similar experiences online, noting shorter ranges in winter. Cold weather affects EV batteries by slowing down their chemical and physical reactions, which reduces power output. Unlike traditional gas-powered cars, EVs can't use engine heat to warm the interior. Instead, they rely on their batteries to provide cabin heat, which can drain the battery faster and reduce the vehicle's range. For instance, at 16 degrees Fahrenheit, EVs can lose about 25% of their range when driving at 70 mph compared to driving in mid-60-degree temperatures. With extreme cold temperatures spreading across the U. S. , EV owners might face these challenges this weekend.But there's good news. Newer EVs are better equipped to handle cold weather. Car manufacturers have introduced improvements like heat pumps and better battery encasements, which enhance battery efficiency. For example, South Korean automaker Kia's new EV models include advanced heat pumps that extract heat from the outside air, even in cold weather, and transfer it to the cabin. This innovation leaves more energy available for driving. Other EVs with heat pumps include the Acura ZDX and Volvo EX40. These advancements show that technology is evolving to address the challenges posed by cold weather. In countries with cold climates, like Norway, EVs account for a significant portion of car sales. Drivers in these regions have learned to cope with frigid weather by following certain tips to minimize the impact on their EVs.