Exploring Peru's Alto Mayo: Uncovering 27 New Species

In northern Peru’s Alto Mayo region, scientists made an exciting discovery: 27 new species, including a unique amphibious mouse and a peculiar "blob-headed" fish. Surprisingly, this biodiversity hotspot thrives despite high human population density and environmental pressures. The 38-day survey, led by Trond Larsen, revealed over 2, 000 species. One of the notable finds was the amphibious mouse, which belongs to an extremely rare group of semi-aquatic rodents. This critter was spotted in a single swamp forest patch threatened by agriculture. Also discovered was a dwarf squirrel, speedy and elusive in the dense rainforest. An arboreal salamander with short legs and a mottled brown coat was seen climbing through low vegetation. But the real curiosity was the blob-headed fish, a catfish relative with a mystifying speckled blob on its head. Its purpose remains unknown. Beyond these, seven new fish species, a frog, 10 butterflies, and two dung beetles were documented. Another 48 species are suspected to be new, awaiting verification. The expedition also recorded 49 threatened species like the Peruvian yellow-tailed woolly monkey and the San Martin titi monkey. In June and July 2022, the team used camera traps, audio sensors, and environmental DNA to catalog these species. The team included Peruvian scientists and local Indigenous experts. Many of these species might be unique to the Alto Mayo landscape. The Awajún community members, like Yulisa Tuwi, have long known about these creatures. They hope the findings will boost conservation efforts and create local protected areas.