How a Common Virus Can Turn Deadly in Certain Cancers
A Common Virus with Serious Consequences
In parts of the world where it's prevalent, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is found in over 90% of people with a specific type of throat cancer. This virus, the first known human DNA tumor virus, can cause significant changes in how our chromosomes are organized.
Chromosomal Rearrangement and Enhancer Infestation
When EBV interacts with human DNA, it can rearrange the 3D structure of chromosomes. This leads to what scientists call "enhancer infestation" and a switch in certain genetic markers.
The Role of KDM5B Protein
A key player in this process is a protein called KDM5B. Normally, KDM5B helps keep our genome stable. However, EBV hijacks this protein, causing abnormal activation of certain genes. This leads to:
- Increased activity of the MYC gene
- More DNA damage
- Changes in how cancer cells behave
These changes can give cancer cells both epithelial and immune features, making them more likely to spread.
Study Findings and Implications
A large, multi-center study involving different types of data confirms that these changes are a sign of chromosome instability. This instability can be used to predict the risk of cancer spreading to distant parts of the body. The study shows how a latent virus can alter the host's genetic landscape, promoting changes that make cancer more aggressive and likely to metastasize.
Importance of the Research
This research is crucial because it demonstrates how a common virus can have serious consequences in certain types of cancer. Understanding these mechanisms can help in developing better treatments and strategies to combat the spread of cancer.