How a Single Gene Changes Carrot Color and Carotenoid Production

Did you know that carrots get their vibrant colors from a group of pigments called carotenoids? These pigments aren't just for show; they also have health benefits. Scientists have been studying how carrots make these pigments, but they didn't know much about a specific gene called DcCYP97C1 in carrots. This gene is like a tiny factory worker inside the carrot, helping to create a carotenoid called lutein. Lutein is important because it gives carrots their orange color and has health benefits for us too.Researchers found that DcCYP97C1 is most active when carrots are turning from white to orange. They used special tools to turn this gene on and off in different carrot varieties. When they turned this gene on more, the carrots made five times more lutein but had much less of other carotenoids. When they turned the gene off, all types of carotenoids, including lutein, decreased. This shows that DcCYP97C1 is a key player in making carotenoids in carrots. Understanding how this gene works can help scientists breed colorful carrot varieties and learn more about how plants make carotenoids.