How Bacteria Adapt to Low Oxygen: A Closer Look at Mycobacterium smegmatis

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has been a big health problem for a long time. In 2022, the number of new cases reached 7. 5 million, the highest since 1995. This increase could be due to the COVID-19 pandemic making it tough to find tuberculosis cases.Scientists looked at how Mycobacterium smegmatis handles low oxygen (hypoxia) by studying a gene called MraZ. They used a technique called transcriptome analysis to see which genes were more active in mutant and normal bacteria. They found 6898 genes that were working differently. These genes were linked to various functions like controlling other genes, causing disease, moving substances, and building the bacterial wall. The study showed that MraZ helps bacteria adapt to low oxygen by controlling many genes, not just those directly involved in building the cell wall. This finding could help in creating new drugs to fight tuberculosis.