How Nanoparticles Boost Heat Transfer in Non-Newtonian Fluids

Non-Newtonian fluids are becoming more popular in various engineering fields. These fluids do not follow the usual rules of fluid behavior. They can be thick or thin depending on the situation. One type of non-Newtonian fluid is the Oldroyd-B fluid. It can mimic the behavior of many dilute polymeric liquids. These liquids are made up of long chains of molecules. They flow differently compared to simple liquids like water. Heat transfer is crucial in many industrial processes. It involves moving heat from one place to another. One way to improve heat transfer is by using nanofluids. These are fluids that contain tiny particles called nanoparticles. These nanoparticles can enhance the fluid's ability to transfer heat. This can make thermal systems more efficient. A recent study looked at how Oldroyd-B nanofluids behave over a horizontal plate. The researchers used a complex mathematical model to describe the fluid's behavior. They solved this model using a method called the finite difference method. This method breaks down the problem into smaller parts. It makes it easier to solve complex equations. The researchers also used a technique called the Crank-Nicolson method. This method is used to solve integer order derivatives. It is a numerical method that is stable and accurate. For time fractional derivatives, they used the Caputo derivative. This derivative is useful for describing processes that do not follow a simple linear path. The study found that the retardation time parameter slows down the fluid. This parameter is related to the fluid's ability to resist changes in its flow. The researchers also found that increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction boosts heat transfer rates. This means that adding more nanoparticles to the fluid can make it better at transferring heat. The heat transfer of a regular fluid increased by 9. 4% when nanoparticles were added. This shows that nanoparticles can significantly improve the heat transfer properties of a fluid. This could lead to more efficient thermal systems in various industries. This study provides valuable insights into how nanoparticles can enhance heat transfer in non-Newtonian fluids. It could pave the way for new developments in thermal management systems. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential of nanofluids.