How New Combinations Lead to Discoveries

Ever wondered how we stumble upon new things? It turns out, it's not just about finding something for the first time. Sometimes, new discoveries come from mixing things we already know. Let's call these "higher-order novelties. " Imagine you've got apples and oranges. You might know about each fruit separately, but it's the first time you combine them in a fruit salad—that's a higher-order novelty!Scientists have been looking into how fast we find these new combinations. They've used something called Heaps' exponents to measure this pace. Guess what? Processes that seem to discover new things at the same speed can actually differ when it comes to these higher-order novelties. To understand this better, think of exploring a network where connections between elements can change over time. Like a big, evolving map. Our exploration process is like a random walk on this map. The model scientists came up with captures how the network we explore evolves along with our discoveries. Pretty neat, right?