How Plants and Diseases Fight for Survival

A new tool has been created to study how plants and diseases interact. This tool, named DYNAMO-A, looks at how plants grow and how diseases spread within them. It is built on previous models that focused on specific crops like rice and wheat, as well as a more general model meant for education and further development. DYNAMO-A has two main parts. One part looks at how plants grow, which affects how much disease can spread. The other part looks at how diseases spread and how they harm the plant. This tool can study different types of diseases and how they affect plants in various growing conditions. Diseases can be broadly split into two types. Biotrophic diseases steal light and nutrients from the plant, while necrotrophic diseases steal light and speed up the aging of leaves. Both types of diseases reduce the plant's yield, but they do so in different ways. Biotrophic diseases mainly reduce the green leaf area and divert nutrients to the disease. Necrotrophic diseases reduce both green and diseased leaf areas due to accelerated leaf aging. The impact of these diseases on plant yield varies. In good growing conditions, biotrophic diseases cause more yield loss. Necrotrophic diseases, however, cause similar yield loss regardless of the growing conditions. This is because necrotrophic diseases directly harm the plant's leaves, while biotrophic diseases rely more on the plant's overall health. This new tool confirms what previous studies have found. It shows that diseases significantly affect plant yield. Future studies using this tool could help in understanding how diseases impact current and future food production. It could also aid in developing better ways to protect crops from diseases. The tool is designed to be simple and easy to understand. It aims to bridge the gap between plant growth and disease spread. By doing so, it could help in creating more resilient crops and improving agricultural practices.