SCIENCE

How We Passed Down Knowledge Before Books

Thu Jun 05 2025
The human race has always been curious. We have a knack for learning and passing down information. This has been going on for a long time. In fact, for the last 3. 3 million years, humans have been figuring out ways to share what they know with others. This is how culture has evolved over time. It is not just about one person learning something new. It is about many people learning and passing down information to the next generation. This is how we have accumulated so much knowledge over time. The process of learning from others is called social learning. It is a big part of how we have evolved as a species. But how did this process start? And how has it changed over time? These are big questions. To answer them, we need to look at the past. We need to look at how people lived and learned during the Paleolithic era. This was a time before writing. It was a time before books. People had to find other ways to pass down information. One way to understand this is to look at the cultural traits that emerged during the Paleolithic era. These are the things that people did and knew that were passed down from one generation to the next. There were 103 of these traits. They include things like tool-making, fire-starting, and storytelling. By studying these traits, we can get a better idea of how people learned and passed down information. We can also see how this process has changed over time. One interesting finding is that the way we pass down information has become more complex over time. This is because the information itself has become more complex. As people learned new things, they needed better ways to pass down this information. This is why we see a coevolutionary dynamic between the emergence of novel cultural traits and the complexification of transmission strategies. In other words, as people learned new things, they also developed new ways to pass down this information. For example, effective means of overt explanation, perhaps associating gesture and verbal expression, were already present at least 600, 000 years ago. This shows that people were already using complex methods to pass down information. But the period between 200, 000 and 100, 000 years ago was a crucial tipping point. This is when modern language emerged. This allowed people to pass down information in a more efficient way. It also allowed for the development of more complex cultural traits. This is an interesting look into how we have evolved as a species. It shows that we have always been curious and eager to learn. It also shows that we have always found ways to pass down this information to the next generation. This is how we have accumulated so much knowledge over time. It is also how we have evolved as a species. This is an important part of who we are as humans. It is also an important part of how we have shaped the world around us.

questions

    How reliable are the methods used to assess transmission behaviors in Paleolithic cultural traits?
    Would early humans have used emojis if they had smartphones?
    How can we empirically verify the transmission strategies used for cultural traits in the Paleolithic?

actions