How Working Memory Helps Kids Solve Puzzles

Kids grow up learning to figure things out in two main ways: inductive reasoning, where they make guesses based on what they see, and deductive reasoning, where they use rules to solve problems. Both of these skills depend on something called executive functions, which include working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. But which of these is most important? A study looked into this by giving kids aged 4, 6, 8, and 10 years old tasks to test their reasoning and executive functions. They found that working memory, the ability to hold and use information in mind, was directly linked to both inductive and deductive reasoning. In other words, kids who could remember and use clues or rules during the tasks did better. Interestingly, the other executive functions, like inhibition (resisting distractions) and cognitive flexibility (switching between tasks), also played a role, but indirectly. This means they helped, but not as directly as working memory. So, what's the big deal? This study shows that working memory is crucial for both types of reasoning. It also suggests that these two types of reasoning might share some common mental processes. Pretty cool, huh?