BUSINESS

India's Trade Dilemma: Balancing Pride and Progress

IndiaWed Aug 06 2025

India finds itself in a tricky spot with trade talks with the U.S. under President Trump. The main issue isn't just about economics, but also about politics and personal egos.

Key Issues

  • India's hesitation to publicly credit Trump for helping to ease tensions between India and Pakistan has ruffled feathers.
  • Pakistan, a smaller player, has managed to secure better trade terms by being more openly appreciative of Trump's efforts.

Impact on India's Economy

India's export-heavy industries, like gems, textiles, and pharmaceuticals, are bracing for impact. New tariffs could:

  • Slow down India's economic growth
  • Make it less appealing for businesses compared to neighbors like Bangladesh and Vietnam

The U.S. has already imposed a 25% tariff, with even higher ones looming if India doesn't stop buying Russian oil.

Prime Minister Modi's Dilemma

Prime Minister Modi is in a tough position:

  • Acknowledging Trump's role in the India-Pakistan ceasefire could be seen as a sign of weakness at home, where Modi has built a strongman image.
  • Stopping Russian oil imports might not be too hard economically, but it's a tricky political move.

India's Potential Moves

India has some cards to play:

  • Both countries have agreed to boost trade to $500 billion by 2030.
  • India could:
  • Lower tariffs on U.S. pharmaceuticals
  • Increase purchases of American energy and defense equipment

However, opening up the agriculture sector is a sensitive topic, given the massive protests India saw in 2020 and 2021.

Defense Deals as a Way Forward

Defense deals could be a way forward. India has shown interest in buying more U.S. military gear, like missiles and patrol aircraft. Pushing these deals forward could help smooth things over with Trump.

questions

    What specific economic benefits would a trade deal with the U.S. under Trump bring to India that other trade agreements have not?
    How can India balance its strategic interests with the U.S. while maintaining its economic independence?
    What are the potential long-term impacts of India conceding to Trump's demands on its domestic industries and political stability?

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