Liver's Immune System: Neutrophils and T Cells Team Up

The liver is a tough organ. It can handle a lot of damage. But when liver cells die, they release signals that cause inflammation. This is not from an infection. It is from the body's own response to injury. Neutrophils are the first responders. They release traps to catch invaders. These traps are made of DNA and proteins. They can also cause more inflammation. When liver cells are damaged, they release their DNA. This DNA can make the immune system go into overdrive. It is like a false alarm. The body thinks it is under attack. This can lead to more damage. ATP, a molecule that cells use for energy, is also released. It can change how immune cells behave. Too much ATP can make inflammation worse. Neutrophils and T cells talk to each other. They work together to fight off threats. But sometimes, they can cause more harm than good. Neutrophils can make T cells more aggressive. T cells can make neutrophils more active. This can lead to a cycle of inflammation. This happens in many liver diseases. Like autoimmune hepatitis, alcohol-related liver disease, and fatty liver disease. Scientists are looking for ways to stop this cycle. They are studying how to block the traps that neutrophils make. They are also looking at how to clear out the extra DNA. And they are studying how to balance the immune system. This could help people with liver diseases. It could reduce inflammation and damage.