Boosting Baby Resistance: How 2’-FL and 3’-SL Fight Off Bad Bacteria

You might have heard that some sugars in breast milk can help fight off infections in newborns. But let's dig into what two specific sugars, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) and 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL), can do. Scientists have been trying to understand if these sugars can directly protect babies from harmful bacteria. Researchers decided to test these sugars on baby mice after they had been weaned. They found that mice who got a boost of 2'-FL and 3'-SL became more resistant to a nasty type of bacteria called enteroaggregative E. coli.So, how do these sugars work their magic? They help the baby's gut immune system grow stronger. They encourage gut cells to mature and form a protective barrier. This barrier keeps bad bacteria out and helps good bacteria thrive. The sugars also help the body produce more of certain immune cells, like Th1 and Treg cells. These cells help fight off infections. Plus, they increase the amount of short-chain fatty acids, which are important for gut health. And let's not forget, they also boost the amount of IgA, an antibody that helps protect the gut. All this research is important because it might help us understand how to make better baby formula. It could also open up new ways to develop products that keep our guts healthy.