Boosting the Immune System to Fight Cancer: The Side Effects and Fixes

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are game-changers in cancer therapy, but they don’t come without drawbacks. These drugs can cause issues in different parts of the body, and scientists are trying to understand why. It turns out that certain immune cells like T cells and myeloid cells are key players in these side effects. Additionally, various signals from proteins such as IL-6, IL-17, IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TNF-α, as well as specific proteins on cell surfaces like integrin subunits α4 and β7, all contribute to the problems.Even our internal bacteria, known as the microbiome, plays a role. By understanding these details, researchers hope to reduce side effects using existing drugs that target key inflammatory molecules, while still harnessing the cancer-fighting power of ICIs. It's a delicate balance, but with more research, we might find better ways to manage these drugs' side effects.