Fasciola Frenzy: How Climate Shapes Parasite Risk in Iran

A parasite that thrives in warm, humid conditions. Fasciola spp. is a parasite that causes fasciolosis, a disease that's becoming more common in warmer regions. This study looked at how climate affects the presence of Fasciola spp. in Iran, especially in Gilan province, a known hotspot for the disease. The study used something called the Malone index to track the parasite's activity over five-year intervals. This index helps predict when and where the parasite is most likely to be a problem. The results showed that the risk of Fasciola presence was highest in August, September, and October in 1988. These months were considered moderate risk. In 1999, September was still a moderate risk month, but October was low risk. The risk levels stayed low in 2005, with the highest values in September and October. In 2010, October and September were the riskiest months. In 2015, October was highly risky. In 2020, August had a higher risk, while September, October, and November were low risk.The study also compared Gilan province with other regions in Iran. In central, southern, and western Iran, the Malone index was zero for most of the year, suggesting that these areas are less favorable for Fasciola presence. The study shows that climate plays a big role in the spread of Fasciola spp. Understanding this can help in developing strategies to prevent and control the parasite in Gilan province and other similar regions. The study highlights the importance of monitoring climate conditions to predict and manage the risk of Fasciola presence. By understanding the relationship between climate and parasite activity, we can better protect public health.