Fighting Citrus Melanose: A Fungal Challenge

Citrus melanose, a group of plant diseases caused by fungi in the Diaporthe genus, is a major issue for citrus growers. Over 30 species of Diaporthe affect citrus, ranging from harmless to highly damaging. One of the most troublesome is Diaporthe citri, which causes black spots and sand-like symptoms on fruits and leaves. Scientists have developed detection methods for D. citri, helping monitor its spread and disease impact.The disease thrives under certain conditions, like after natural disasters and continuous rainfall. To combat it, a mix of agricultural, physical, and chemical controls is recommended. This includes clearing dead plant material to reduce infection sources, protecting plants from wounds caused by cold or sunburn, and using fungicides especially during rainy periods. Biological control is a promising area, though still in early stages. Researchers have found certain microorganisms that can act as natural fungicides against citrus melanose. This review highlights major research advances in managing this disease, aiming to provide valuable insights for disease control.