Gold Nanoclusters Fight Atherosclerosis in Unique Ways

Atherosclerosis is a serious health issue worldwide. Scientists are looking for molecules that can lower lipids and reduce inflammation to fight this condition. We studied the effects of tiny gold nanoparticles, called fluorescent gold nanoclusters (FANC), on mice with atherosclerosis. These nanoclusters are coated with a special molecule called dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA). We gave the mice these nanoclusters through injections or in their drinking water for eight weeks. The results were impressive! FANC reduced the buildup of fatty deposits in the aorta, lowered cholesterol levels, and even reduced signs of oxidative stress in the mice. They also helped reduce fat deposits in the liver and changed the expression of certain genes related to lipid balance. This was similar to the effects of a drug called ezetimibe.Furthermore, FANC stopped the body from absorbing cholesterol in the intestines, mimicking ezetimibe's action. The effects were seen in another type of mouse, the LDLr-deficient mice, fed a similar diet. Interestingly, FANC binds to a specific insulin receptor in a unique way. It activates a protein called AKT, but unlike insulin, it doesn't depend on another protein called HO-1. Instead, FANC triggers the production of another protein, NRF2, which helps suppress inflammation markers ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. In human aortic endothelial cells, FANC prevented macrophages from sticking to them when exposed to oxidized LDL. In macrophages, it boosted the removal of cholesterol. Overall, FANC showed multiple ways to combat atherosclerosis.