Heat Flow in Blood-Copper Nanofluid over a Thin Needle

Bioconvection, or the movement of microorganisms in fluids, is a fascinating phenomenon. This study looks at how a mix of blood and tiny copper particles, known as a nanofluid, behaves when it flows over a thin needle. The researchers considered the effect of tiny, magnetic-sensitive microorganisms, known as gyrotactic microorganisms, on this flow. They used a special model to simplify the complex equations describing this flow.To solve these equations, they employed a numerical method called the 4th-order Runge-Kutta technique combined with a shooting method. The results were plotted to see the effects of various factors like the buoyancy ratio and mixed convection on the fluid's speed, temperature, and microorganism density. The findings suggest that these factors can significantly increase the rate of heat transfer in the nanofluid.