How Explosions Affect Tunnels

A tunnel, deep underground, and a controlled explosion happening nearby. Researchers wanted to understand how stress waves from these blasts travel and how they might cause cracks in the tunnel's structure. They built a small model tunnel using cement mortar to mimic real rock. By setting off explosives at different heights relative to the tunnel, they monitored the stress waves in real time. They also used a special camera to see the cracks forming and spreading.When the explosions were closer to the tunnel, the walls experienced more strain, leading to greater damage. This was backed up by computer simulations that matched the real-world results. The closer the blast, the faster and harder the stress waves hit, damaging the tunnel's roof and floor the most. To prevent these issues, engineers suggested reinforcing the tunnel with full-section concrete linings and extra supports. By understanding how these waves behave, we can better design tunnels to withstand these forces and stay safe over time.