How Financial Progress Affects Farmers' Energy Use

You're a farmer. You know that to improve your crops, you need the right tools and resources. That’s where financial development comes in. When banks offer loans, farmers can afford better equipment, like those that help manage energy more efficiently. But, being a farmer also means dealing with risks, like economic downturns or political uncertainty. These risks can make farmers less willing to take chances, leading them to use more energy to play it safe. So, what's the balance between financial progress and risk when it comes to energy use in agriculture?Researchers looked into this by examining data from Iran and other developing countries between 2010 and 2020. Using a method called Smooth Transition Regression, they found that countries relying on oil exports had less energy consumption per person compared to those that didn't. Financial development made farmers use less energy, but when risks—like financial, economic, or political—rose, energy use went up. Interestingly, these impacts were stronger in non-oil-exporting countries.