Sheep, Goats, and Cows: Fighting Worms in Ethiopia's Shared Pastures

In the heart of Ethiopia, a unique farming system thrives where sheep, goats, and cattle share the same pastures. This communal grazing practice is the backbone of many people's livelihoods. However, a tiny yet powerful foe threatens this sustainable setup: gastrointestinal nematodes, or worms. With the global rise of anthelmintic resistance (AR), the situation becomes even more dire. Researchers set out to explore how farmers manage these worms and the effectiveness of the treatments they use. The study focused on three districts in central Ethiopia, where 153 farmers were interviewed. These farmers often rely on medications to control worms, but their methods leave much to be desired. A whopping 91. 8% of animals receive treatment at least twice a year, even without clear signs of illness. Worse yet, these treatments are often administered by untrained farmers with no monitoring or rotation of drugs. Scientists conducted 36 tests known as faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRTs) for each type of ruminant. They found that tetramisole (TET) was effective in all trials. However, albendazole (ABZ) consistently failed to work. Ivermectin (IVM) had mixed results: it was ineffective in cattle and somewhat less so in goats, but always worked for sheep. This study highlights a critical issue: while research on anthelmintic resistance in Africa mainly focuses on small ruminants, cattle in these shared pastures showed the worst outcomes. This suggests that future studies should include cattle to better understand the full scope of the problem.