The Hidden Dangers in Zebrafish: Examining HFPO-TeA's Effects

When it comes to making fluorinated materials, hexafluoropropylene oxide oligomer acids (HFPOs) are becoming the go-to option. These substances are popping up more often in aquatic environments, including in zebrafish habitats. But what do we know about their safety? Not much, it turns out. This study zoomed in on hexafluoroepoxypropane tetrameric acid (HFPO-TeA), a common HFPO, to see how it affects zebrafish larvae. The results? Not great. Exposure to HFPO-TeA led to visible problems in the zebrafish, like changes in their eye size, heart rate, and even their swim bladder. Scientists dug deeper with metabolomics and transcriptomics studies. They found that HFPO-TeA lowered the amount of a key neurotransmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and also messed with the genes related to GABA's workings.Things got even more interesting when they looked at transgenic zebrafish. It turned out that HFPO-TeA slowed down the growth of GABAergic neurons, which are crucial for brain function. And get this—they also figured out that HFPO-TeA might be targeting GABAA receptors. All this points to a big problem: HFPO-TeA might not be as safe as we thought. It could actually be worse than what it’s replacing, PFOA. This study offers a new model to understand how HFPO-TeA affects developing zebrafish. This is a big deal for evaluating environmental risks.