The Testosterone and Aggression Puzzle

In the wilds of East Africa, a young male baboon attempted to challenge the alpha male's position. The alpha male, however, remained unfazed. This scene was observed in 1983. The young baboon displayed aggressive behaviors, such as flashing eyebrows, baring canines, and making vocalizations. Yet, the alpha male continued grooming a young female, ignoring the challenger's antics. Research on baboons reveals that established alpha males often have lower testosterone levels compared to their more aggressive challengers. This finding challenges the common belief that high testosterone levels directly cause aggression and dominance.In some political circles, low testosterone levels are used to insult men, particularly those who support empathy, equality, and democracy. For instance, Elon Musk once shared a post claiming that men with low testosterone cannot think freely. This idea is not only false but also oversimplifies the complex relationship between testosterone and behavior. Decades of research show that testosterone does not guarantee dominance or aggression. While males of many species, including humans, tend to have higher testosterone levels and be more aggressive, this does not mean that testosterone is the sole cause of aggression. In fact, engaging in aggressive behaviors may actually increase testosterone levels. The relationship between testosterone and aggression is far more nuanced than commonly believed. It is not a straightforward cause-and-effect scenario. Understanding this complexity can help dispel myths and promote a more informed discussion about hormones and behavior.