Measuring the Sun's Reflection: How China's SCAR Is Improving Earth Observation

Scientists are always looking for better ways to study changes in our climate and weather. One important tool is satellite data, but getting accurate information for a long time is tough. That's why China started working on a special tool in 2015. This tool, called the Space Cryogenic Absolute Radiometer (SCAR), is helping to solve a big problem with satellite data. You see, satellites need to be calibrated, or checked, regularly to make sure their measurements are right. But this is hard to do when they're in space. The SCAR is like a super-accurate measuring stick that helps make these checks more reliable. It works at a very cold temperature, around -253 degrees Celsius, to get extremely precise readings.The SCAR is used to calibrate another tool on a satellite called the Earth–Moon Imaging Spectrometer (EMIS). The EMIS measures the light reflecting off Earth's surface. By using the SCAR, scientists can transfer its accurate measurement scale to the EMIS, making the EMIS's readings more reliable too. Since 2018, scientists have been working on a payload, or a package of tools, that includes this benchmark for the reflected solar band. This means they're making a kit that can be sent into space to help satellites take better pictures of Earth. This is all part of a bigger effort to understand how Earth's climate is changing and to learn more about the radiation coming from our planet. It's like having a really precise ruler to measure how much sunlight is bouncing off Earth. This helps scientists get better data over time, which is crucial for understanding our climate and weather patterns.