Nuclear Power's Double Life: From Energy to Weapons

Did you know that nuclear reactors were originally built to make bombs, not just generate electricity? It’s true. These reactors, known as dual-use reactors, produce plutonium that can be used for both power and weapons. Chernobyl, for instance, was one of these. People often say these reactors are different from civilian power plants, but they're actually quite similar. They use the same technology and even share some infrastructure. The United States is a great example of this. They use some of their civilian reactors to make tritium for hydrogen bombs. Imagine that – your local power plant could also be making weapons! A medium-sized reactor can produce enough plutonium for 20 nuclear weapons each year. That's a lot of bombs! Countries like the UK, France, and even India started their nuclear weapons programs using the same infrastructure they built for nuclear energy. It’s like having a secret twin – one that’s peaceful and one that’s not so peaceful. The problem is, there’s a lot of plutonium out there that’s not accounted for. Criminals and rogue states are selling it on the black market. It's like a dangerous game of hide and seek, but with nuclear material. Enrico Fermi, the first person to build an atomic reactor, might have seen this coming. He won a Nobel Prize for his work but also had concerns. He wondered if learning to convert mass into energy would lead civilizations to destroy themselves. It's a scary thought. The world is now seeing a new nuclear arms race. Countries are spending trillions to build better weapons. The Doomsday Clock, which shows how close we are to a nuclear disaster, is closer to midnight than ever before. It’s a warning that we need to be careful with this powerful technology. Living in a world with nuclear weapons means learning to live with the risks. There are already many places, like Chernobyl and Fukushima, that are too dangerous for humans. These are called nuclear exclusion zones. Maybe learning to survive in these zones is a skill we all need to learn.