Parkinson's Disease: Uncovering Genetic Clues in Latin America

Parkinson's disease is a tricky condition. It is influenced by a mix of genes, environment, and lifestyle. Roughly 30% of the risk comes from genes. However, a lot of the genetic puzzle is still missing. This is partly because most studies focus on European ancestry. Latin America offers a chance to fill in some of these gaps. Researchers decided to look into genetic variants linked to Parkinson's in this region. A thorough search was done in medical databases. It included studies up to February 7, 2025. Nineteen studies were found that compared people with Parkinson's to those without it. Two of these studies looked for genetic links without any preconceived notions. They found two interesting spots in the genome. One near H2BW1 seemed to protect against Parkinson's. Another in SNCA increased the risk. The other seventeen studies had specific genes in mind. They checked over three hundred variants. Nineteen genetic markers were found to be significant. Some increased risk, others seemed to protect against the disease. For instance, a small insertion in NR4A2 and copy number variations in PRKN, SNCA, and PLA2G6 were risk factors. On the other hand, three SNPs in PICALM, ALDH1A1, and APOE-ε3 seemed to have a protective effect. The findings show some overlap with what's known from European studies. But there are also new genetic spots that need more investigation. This research is a step towards understanding how genes play a role in Parkinson's. It also highlights the need for more genetic studies in diverse populations. This could lead to personalized treatments and better interventions for specific groups. Latin America's diverse genetic makeup offers a unique chance. It can help uncover more about Parkinson's disease. By studying these populations, researchers can gain insights that might be missed in other groups. This could lead to better treatments and a deeper understanding of the disease. It is important to note that while these findings are promising, they need to be confirmed. More research is needed to validate these genetic links. This will help ensure that the findings are reliable and can be used to improve treatments.