Pollution in Eswatini's Waters: A Hidden Threat

Eswatini's waters are under threat from a silent invader: emerging pollutants (EMPs). These pollutants, often overlooked, can harm both people and wildlife. A recent study took a closer look at these EMPs in the country's wastewater and rivers. Using advanced technology, researchers identified 347 different pollutants and their breakdown products. Shockingly, 181 of these were found in river samples. Pharmaceuticals made up the largest group of pollutants, accounting for 64. 6% of the total. These included drugs for the heart, brain, and infections. Pesticides also played a significant role, making up 28. 8% of the pollutants. Some of these pollutants are highly toxic, even in small amounts. For instance, nafronyl oxalate, lacidipine, and several pesticides were found in over half of the river samples.The study also looked at three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Eswatini. Matsapha WWTP, which uses a process called oxidation, showed the best results. It reduced pharmaceuticals by 42. 0% and pesticides by 34. 4%. However, the other two WWTPs, Ezulwini and Ngwenya, showed an increase in pollutants. This suggests that their treatment methods may not be effective. The findings highlight a pressing issue: EMPs are persistent in Eswatini's waters. The study calls for better monitoring and improved wastewater management. It's a wake-up call for the country to address this hidden threat.