Pregnancy and the Tummy Troubles: Managing Common GI Symptoms

Pregnancy can bring a lot of changes, and one of the less pleasant ones is dealing with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. These are quite common and can really affect a pregnant woman's quality of life. Often, doctors who specialize in pregnancies (obstetricians) and those who deal with GI problems (gastroenterologists) need to work together to help these women. The reasons behind these symptoms are complex and involve many different factors. Hormonal changes caused by the baby and placenta play a big role in affecting the GI tract. Also, the brain and gut communicate a lot, so their interaction is important. Genetics, the body's immune response, and even the supplements a pregnant woman takes can all contribute to these symptoms. Common upper GI symptoms include feeling sick and throwing up (nausea and vomiting) and heartburn. Down below, constipation and hemorrhoids are the usual suspects. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is also pretty common during pregnancy, but there isn't much research or high-quality studies on how to manage it. This review looks into the reasons behind these symptoms, how to evaluate them (both physically and in a lab), and the best ways to manage them. Most symptoms are mild and can be handled with changes in lifestyle and non-medical approaches. Medication should only be used if the symptoms are severe or don't improve. It's crucial to keep an eye on the mother's and the baby's nutrition. Drugs that are safe to use during pregnancy are discussed, with a focus on the well-being of both mom and baby. In some cases, GI endoscopy might be needed, and the review covers when and how this should be done during pregnancy, along with some special precautions. The good news is that most symptoms go away after delivery and return to how they were before pregnancy.