Small RNAs and Their Role in Metabolic Disorders

Our bodies are powered by complex chemical reactions called metabolism, which involves a vast orchestra of proteins, enzymes, and other molecules. Sometimes, defects in how these molecules work lead to inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), affecting how we produce and break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tiny RNA molecules, about 19 to 25 nucleotides long, that act like small switches in our genetic blueprint. They control how our genes express themselves, both before and after transcription. Interestingly, these miRNAs can get out of whack in many diseases, including IEM. What makes miRNAs fascinating is that a single miRNA can influence multiple targets involved in the same cellular processes and pathways. This feature makes them powerful tools for fixing the cellular functions that go awry in diseases. While miRNA research has taken giant leaps in recent years, studies focusing on IEM are still limited. There's a need to dig deeper into how miRNA expression is altered in IEM to uncover new biomarkers for diagnosis, tracking disease progression, and predicting outcomes. Researchers have been exploring how miRNAs could be used in therapy. By enhancing the cellular response, they might help restore the impaired functions seen in different IEM conditions. There's a lot to learn and explore in the relationship between miRNAs and IEM. Recently, scientists have been reviewing the literature and discussing the potential of miRNAs in diagnosing, treating, and managing IEM.