Spatial Awareness: The Surprising Truth about 3D Weather Visualisations in Aviation

The three dimensional nature of aviation is at odds with the standard tools used to study and predict weather patterns. The advent of 2D and even 3D weather visual maps has not changed the reliance of pilots on weather information conveyed by flat 2D maps. Studies reveal that most airline pilots have adopted static 2D charts to comprehend weather conditions, even though the technology for 3D visualisations has been around for decades. While it seems logical that pilots would prefer a more realistic three-dimensional view, recent research suggests otherwise. Interactive 3D weather maps are being sold as a step forward for pilots who aim to predict weather conditions. These maps visually represent the weather changes that can occur in three dimensions. However, when pilots used these 3D maps in a recent study of 24 commercial pilots, pilots actually seemed more comfortable and prepared when viewing the 2D plan view. This is surprising as one might think a 3D view could provide a higher level of weather situation awareness. On-going research continues to find evidence that reveals this particular type of 3D visualisation does not boost the pilot's overall knowledge or situational awareness. Such results point to the need for additional training or different types of 3D visualisation. Many pilots may not understand the need, the format or how this type of technology would actually change their understanding of weather. The study found pilots recalled weather information better when reviewing the 2D plan view. Adding a vertical profile to the 2D charts offers some additional benefits. While it does not necessarily boost the overall situational awareness, it does help pilots remember key weather information. It also cuts down on the time needed to study the chart while in flight. However, it still doesn't land as much as we would expect from our initial thoughts on the potential of 3D visualisation. Pilots seem to like the 3D visualisation and continue to use it despite the obvious flaws.