The Hidden Struggle: Placenta Under Stress in Low Birth Weight Babies

Fetal growth restriction, or low birth weight, affects about 1 in 10 pregnancies globally. This can cause serious health issues for babies, both right after birth and later in life. One of the main causes of FGR is when the placenta, the organ that feeds the baby during pregnancy, doesn't develop properly. This happens in up to 60% of cases in developed countries.When the placenta doesn't work right, it can't protect itself from harmful substances called reactive species. These substances cause something called redox imbalance, which leads to stress in the placenta. There are two types of this stress: oxidative stress and nitrative stress. These stressors can mess up how the placenta moves nutrients to the baby, make placenta cells age too fast, and even kill placenta cells. Antioxidants are like superheroes that protect the placenta from these stressors. They can reduce the harm caused by reactive species. So, using antioxidants during pregnancy could be a great way to prevent or treat FGR. This could help lower the heavy toll that FGR takes on baby health.