The Secret of Soil Antibiotic Resistance: Can We Farm Smarter?

You might think that stopping the use of antibiotics in farming would make the soil healthier. But a surprising study found that even without antibiotics, some harmful traits, called antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), can still stick around in the soil. These ARGs can make bacteria tougher to fight with medicine. Scientists looked at soils that had been fertilized for a long time, either with animal manure that didn't have any antibiotics or with chemical fertilizers. They found that these ARGs didn't change much in variety, but their numbers did go up. This was especially true for certain types of ARGs.When farmers used both manure and chemicals together, the soil got richer in nutrients and special pieces of DNA that can spread these resistance traits. This led to more bacteria that were tough to beat, especially the ones with those ARGs. Even though stopping antibiotics is good, it might not be enough. The study shows that other factors, like the types of bacteria and the soil itself, play big roles too. So, farmers might need to do more than just stop using antibiotics to keep the soil healthy.