The Surprising Secrets of Calf Health

Over the past few decades, scientists have been paying more attention than ever to calf health and welfare. Ten years ago, a review series discussed how important colostrum is for calves from birth to weaning. Even today, proper colostrum management is crucial to prevent sickness and death in calves. But now, we know that colostrum isn't just about immunoglobulins. It also has other vital components like leucocytes, hormones, and growth factors that boost the calf's immune system and help their intestines develop. This makes it easier for calves to absorb nutrients from milk. Calves fed with colostrum grow faster and their organs develop better, all thanks to the boost in their energetic status. Plus, the oligosaccharides in colostrum contribute to a healthy gut flora in calves. After the initial colostrum boost, a proper milk-feeding program is essential for optimal growth and disease resistance. Feeding calves as much milk as they want in the first few weeks also improves their welfare as they feel less hungry.Interestingly, recent years have seen a growing concern for farm animal welfare. This has brought attention to controversial practices in the dairy industry, such as separating calves from their mothers soon after birth and housing them individually. Surprisingly, there is no proof that early separation benefits the health of either the cow or the calf. In fact, individual housing can cause behavioral and developmental issues in calves. Social housing, on the other hand, helps them eat more and gain weight faster. With good management, the health risks of group housing can be minimized. In conclusion, many practices in the dairy industry still harm calf health and welfare. It's crucial to keep improving these practices to ensure the best for our calves.