The Wrinkled Chili Pepper Mystery: Uncovering Genes That Shape Fruit Surfaces

Ever wondered why some chili peppers have smooth surfaces while others are wrinkled? Scientists have been trying to figure this out too, especially for the Japanese pepper 'Shishito', which has a wrinkled surface. They knew it wasn't just one gene but a mix of many, so they studied the offspring of 'Shishito' crossed with a smooth-surfaced pepper called 'Takanotsume'. The result? A bunch of peppers with different levels of wrinkles, showing that it's a complex trait.The scientists then used advanced DNA sequencing to find the genes responsible. They found two important ones on chromosomes 11 and 12, named Wr11 and Wr12. Wr12 was the superstar, explaining most of the wrinkling. It seems that having the 'Shishito' version of this gene is what makes the fruit wrinkled. This discovery is big news for pepper breeders. Now they can focus on these genes to create peppers with just the right amount of wrinkle.