Transforming Idesia polycarpa Maxim Cake Meal: A New Way to Extract Polysaccharides

Have you ever thought about what happens to the leftovers when oil is extracted from seeds? In the case of Idesia polycarpa Maxim (IPM) seeds, the cake meal, which is the by-product, is often just tossed away. But what if this waste could be turned into something useful? That's where IPM polysaccharides (IPMPs) come in. Scientists have been exploring different ways to extract these polysaccharides from the cake meal. One innovative method that's been gaining attention is the ultrasonic-assisted three-phase partitioning (UTPP) method. This method was compared with more traditional extraction techniques like acid, medium-temperature alkali, chelating agent, and enzyme extraction. The IPMPs extracted using the UTPP method, called IPMP-UT, had some impressive results. They had a higher extraction efficiency, more uronic acid, and a bigger portion of the rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) domain. This means they were more homogeneous and had better functional properties, such as improved thermal stability and the ability to create and maintain emulsions. But why does this matter? Well, these IPMPs can be used to stabilize emulsions, which are mixtures of two liquids that normally don't mix, like oil and water. Emulsions are used in many foods and cosmetics. The IPMP-UT emulsions were found to perform better at different pH levels and polysaccharide concentrations compared to those made with IPMPs extracted using conventional methods. Now, let's talk about the health benefits. IPMP-UT showed the strongest ability to block an enzyme called α-glucosidase, which is important for those with type 2 diabetes. It also reduced the formation of molecules that can damage cells over time, known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs). All IPMPs worked by a combination of mechanisms, with IPMP-UT having the strongest effect. So, the UTPP method seems to be the best and most eco-friendly way to get polysaccharides from IPM cake meal. This could lead to less waste and more beneficial products.