Tropical Trouble: Five Dinoflagellate Species in Vietnamese Waters

Vietnamese waters are home to five types of dinoflagellates. These tiny organisms are part of the Alexandrium genus. They are known for their unique features. These features include the apical pore complex, precingular first plate, ventral pore, and sulcal platelets. Scientists have used these features to tell them apart. Researchers have also looked at the DNA of these species. They focused on specific parts of the nuclear rDNA. These parts are called ITS and LSU (D1-D3, D8-D10). This genetic analysis helps us understand how these species are related to each other. Four of these species grow best at temperatures between 24°C and 27°C. They also prefer salinities ranging from 25 to 35 psu. These species can even adapt to lower salinities, down to 20 psu. This adaptation happens when temperatures are between 18°C and 27°C. This shows how flexible these species can be.The growth rates of these four species are quite similar. This means they can thrive in similar conditions. However, two strains of Alexandrium affine, VINVN01-1 and VINVN01-2, do not produce Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PSTs). This is important because PSTs can be harmful to humans and marine life. The detection limit for PSTs varies. It ranges from 0. 45 to 15. 5 fg cell-1. This depends on the molecular response and the amount of biomass available. This information is crucial for understanding the potential risks these species pose. These findings highlight the importance of studying dinoflagellates. They can help us predict and manage harmful algal blooms. This is especially important in tropical waters like those in Vietnam. These waters are home to many of these potentially harmful species.