Unlocking TB Diagnosis: A New Lens on Aptamers

Tuberculosis (TB), causing countless cases and deaths yearly, needs better diagnostic tools. Traditional measures have limitations, so we turned to aptamers. These super-specific single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules can detect TB biomarkers with precision. We did a deep dive into research to see how they're used in TB diagnosis, checking both their successes and challenges. Our study followed trusted guidelines, like PRISMA, and looked at 1165 studies. Only 35 really fit what we were looking for. Aptamers were used to find Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and other mycobacterial antigens. These include ESAT-6, HspX, MPT 64, and IFN-γ. Tests like electrochemical, fluorescent, and immunosensors showed great results. Multiplex assays, especially for IFN-γ, were even more accurate. Aptamer-based tests could tell TB apart from other conditions, proving their value. Pairing them with nanomaterials could create advanced biosensors. Cheap, sensitive tools are key for TB management, meaning more research is needed.