Unveiling a New Way to Read Methylated DNA

Did you know that your DNA has extra letters that tell genes when to speak up or stay quiet? One of these special letters is called 5-methyldeoxycytidine, or mdC for short. Where and how often mdC shows up in your DNA can tell a big story about whether certain genes are being turned on or off. This is super important for catching diseases early, like cancer. Scientists usually use something called the bisulfite method to spot mdC in DNA. But this method has some drawbacks. It can damage most of the DNA and sometimes make mistakes.A team of clever scientists has come up with a new way to read mdC without using the bisulfite method. They've created a method called EMox-seq. This method uses a special tool called SMRT sequencing and an enzyme called Tet3. Tet3 helps change mdC into something called 5-carboxycytidine, or cadC. CadC is easier for the sequencing machine to read, and special computer programs can help make sense of the data. This new method could be a game-changer for understanding how genes work and for catching diseases early. But it's still new, so scientists will need to do more tests to see how well it works compared to the old methods.