Vega C Rocket Bounces Back with Successful Launch

The Vega C rocket made a comeback with a successful launch on Dec. 5, sending an Earth observation satellite into orbit. This was the rocket’s first flight since a failure nearly two years ago. The launch took place from the European spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana, at 4:20 p. m. Eastern time. Initially scheduled for Dec. 4, it was delayed due to an issue with the mobile launch gantry. The Vega C rocket's three solid-fuel lower stages worked perfectly, followed by three burns from the liquid-propellant AVUM+ upper stage. About an hour and 45 minutes after liftoff, the payload, the Sentinel-1C satellite, was deployed. This satellite, built by Thales Alenia Space, is part of the Copernicus program run by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Commission. It's designed to replace the malfunctioning Sentinel-1B spacecraft and features new capabilities to monitor maritime traffic with an Automatic Identification System (AIS) receiver. The previous failure in December 2022 was traced back to a faulty nozzle in the Zefiro-40 motor of the rocket’s second stage. Avio, the prime contractor, initially replaced the carbon-carbon material in the nozzle, but it failed again in a June 2023 static-fire test. This led to a complete redesign of the nozzle. After successful static-fire tests in May and October, confidence was high that the problem was fixed.The successful flight of the redesigned motor marks a significant milestone. ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher praised the launch as a triumphant return for both the Vega C and the Sentinel-1 projects. The return of the Vega C is crucial because Europe has been facing a "launcher crisis" due to the retirement of Ariane 5 and delays in the introduction of Ariane 6. This crisis has led Europe to rely on SpaceX for Falcon 9 launches. Plans are in place for four Vega C launches in 2025, which will be the last with Arianespace as the launch services provider. Avio will take over responsibility for the rocket, focusing on an increased launch cadence in the coming years. Giulio Ranzo, chief executive of Avio, expressed pride in contributing to the European Copernicus program and ensuring independent access to space for Europe. Looking ahead, ESA and launch companies are concentrating on increasing flight rates. Despite a minor issue with the Ariane 6's upper stage, the program is moving forward with plans for six launches in 2025. The high level of activity is a welcome contrast to the slower pace seen in recent years, especially when compared to SpaceX's impressive launch record.