Veterans' Breathing Tests: A Long-Term Look

Veterans who served in the Southwest Asia Theater often return home with new breathing issues. However, standard lung function tests usually show normal results for most of these veterans. These veterans are often referred to as having preserved spirometry. This means their breathing tests look normal, even though they might feel symptoms. The connection between these normal test results and long-term health effects has not been fully explored. Researchers wanted to see how well these breathing tests could predict future health problems. They looked at veterans who had served in the military and had at least one lung function test after their deployment. They focused on those with normal test results, known as deployment-exposed veterans with preserved spirometry, or DEPS. The goal was to find out if these normal test results could predict future breathing problems, health care use, and overall health trends over time. The study included veterans who had served between 1990 and 2019 and completed a health questionnaire between 2014 and 2024. The researchers used advanced statistical methods to see if lung function test results could predict future health issues. They also tracked how these test results changed over time. Out of the veterans studied, 68% reported breathing problems, but most had normal lung function tests. Among those with normal tests, several lung function measures were linked to future health outcomes. The most important measure was the lung's ability to transfer oxygen, known as diffusing capacity. This measure was strongly connected to various health outcomes. For veterans with normal lung function tests, those with a reduced ability to transfer oxygen were more likely to develop lung issues over time. This suggests that even if initial tests look normal, some veterans might still be at risk for lung problems. This study highlights an important point. Veterans who served in certain areas might face long-term breathing issues, even if their initial lung function tests look normal. It is crucial to keep an eye on their lung health over time. This way, doctors can catch any problems early and provide the right care.