Why Deleting FTO in Endothelial Cells Could Help Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious condition where the blood pressure in the lungs is too high. This puts a lot of strain on the heart and can lead to heart failure and even death. A protein called FTO, which is linked to obesity and metabolism, may play a part in PAH, but its role is not well understood. Scientists explored what happens when this FTO protein is removed from cells lining the blood vessels in the lungs. Interestingly, they found that without FTO, the lungs were better able to handle high altitude conditions that usually cause PAH. The study showed that FTO helps cells stick together and lets immune cells into the lungs. Removing FTO reduced this sticking and invasion, which might be why the lungs handled the high pressure better. Using advanced technology, they saw changes in key pathways that control inflammation and cell sticking, like TNF-α/NF-κB signaling and VCAM1 expression. These findings hint that targeting FTO in the blood vessel cells of the lungs could be a new way to treat PAH. By tweaking how these cells behave, it might be possible to lower inflammation and reduce the harmful effects of high blood pressure in the lungs.