Why Some European Conservation Plans Flourish and Others Fizzle

In Europe, various conservation efforts aimed at maintaining or restoring biodiversity have seen mixed results. But what makes some programs successful while others struggle? A study among experts explored this question. They looked at three different programs: two from governments (Natura 2000 and the Water Framework Directive's ecological measures) and one from an NGO (Rewilding Europe). All focus on protecting habitats and species. Surprisingly, the NGO program was seen as more effective in reaching its goals.Experts pointed out several key factors that could make or break a conservation program's success. They noted that subsidies that harm biodiversity, competing economic interests, and policies that clash with conservation goals were major obstacles. On the flip side, engaging communities and involving stakeholders were seen as crucial for success. The study found that factors like economics and policy often get in the way, while societal and environmental factors tend to help. This suggests that these programs should be designed to include as many people and consider as many influences as possible. It also highlights the need for a standardized method to consider these broader factors.