Supernovas are the universe's way of recycling stars. They are massive explosions that mark the end of a star's life. These explosions can be so powerful that they create some of the most energetic particles in the universe. These particles are called cosmic rays. They are made up of protons and oth
The recent changes in U. S. federal funding for scientific research have sparked a global trend. Countries are now rolling out initiatives to attract American scientists. This shift is not just about filling vacant positions; it's about offering a safe haven for academic freedom. The U. S. has long
Light is always on the move. It zooms around at a speed of 186, 000 miles per second. This speed is the same whether it's coming from a star or a flashlight. One evening, a telescope was set up in a backyard in San Diego. It was pointed at a galaxy very far from Earth. The galaxy is called the Pinwh
The world of bacteria is full of surprises. Take avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), for example. These bacteria have clever ways to make birds sick. One of their tricks involves a protein called hemolysin co-regulatory protein (Hcp). This protein is part of a system that helps bacteria attack
In the struggle against water scarcity, a groundbreaking solution has emerged. A new material can pull large amounts of water from the air, even in extremely dry conditions. This material is a super-hygroscopic composite, or CHG for short. It's made from a mix of natural and synthetic components. Th
Ion separation is a big deal in many fields. It's like sorting out different types of ions in a crowded room. But it's tricky. Most membranes struggle with this task, especially when there are mixed ions around. They just can't pick and choose effectively. Now, there's a new approach using somethin
Plants are known to be tough. They have a secret weapon. This weapon is a strong and flexible cell wall. It is a barrier that protects and shapes the cell. It is not a static structure. It is dynamic. It changes all the time. It is like a living shield. The cell wall's job is to keep the cel
Bromine is a big deal in various industries. It is used in many ways, from manufacturing to farming. However, grabbing it from seawater or brine is a tough job. Scientists have come up with a clever solution. They created a special structure called a Cd-MOF. This structure is super stable and can so
The connection between our genes and personality is a hot topic. One interesting angle is the role of genetic risk for schizophrenia. It turns out that having a high genetic risk for schizophrenia might influence personality traits in people who don't actually develop the disorder. This is not ab
Downhill running is tough on muscles. It causes more damage and soreness than regular running. This is because it involves eccentric exercise, where muscles lengthen under tension. Scientists wanted to see how this affects the tiny powerhouses in muscle cells, called mitochondria. They used rats for
