The researchers surveyed 60 health managers who run lower‑level government clinics in Wakiso District. Most of the managers were women, making up 61. 7 % of the group. About three‑quarters had not received any formal induction into their roles, and more than six in ten said they felt little motivation to do their jobs.
Only a quarter of the managers showed strong leadership abilities, while just over a third demonstrated solid management skills. Scores for leadership ranged from 20. 9 to 37. 0, and management scores varied from 7. 8 to 36. 5. When asked which cognitive abilities mattered most, 65 % pointed to monitoring, 60 % to speaking, and 58 % to active listening. For interpersonal skills, coordination was top at 45 %, followed by instructing and social perceptiveness, each around 42 %.
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