Quraysh

Summary

The Quraysh are an Arab tribe who controlled Mecca before the rise of Islam. Their members were divided into ten main clans, most notably the Banu Hashim, into which Islam's founder prophet Muhammad was born. By the 7th century, they had become wealthy merchants, dominating trade between the Indian Ocean, East Africa, and the Mediterranean. The tribe ran caravans to Palestine and Damascus in summer and to Yemen in winter, while also mining and pursuing other enterprises on these routes.